Selecting the Right Reptile or Amphibian
There are nearly 6000 species of amphibians and over 10,000 reptile species worldwide, and it is not surprising that there is a dazzling variety of frogs, salamanders, lizards, snakes and turtles as pets. Collectively known as herpetofauna (or herps), reptiles and amphibians are found in diverse habitats throughout the world, ranging from tropical rainforests in South America to dry, rocky outcrops in Australia. Owning a reptile or amphibian is a special opportunity to recreate the habitat and micro-climate to which these species are adapted and learn about these fascinating creatures.
Choosing the Right Species
Reptile and amphibian pets live much longer than aquarium fish. Popular pet frog species may live for 10 years or more in captivity, and some tortoise lifespans exceed 50 years! When choosing any herp species, be prepared for what may be decades of enjoyment and fascination. Captive breeding of reptiles and amphibians has grown dramatically, reducing overharvest of wild populations throughout the world. As a result of these efforts, many attractive color variations are now available to the hobbyist.
Reptile & Amphibian Habitats
Researching the specific temperature, humidity and lighting needs of your herp is an excellent guide to building and maintaining healthy habitat. Many species need an enclosure with both warmer and cooler areas. Tree-dwelling herps need vertical structure while burrowing species should have soft substrate.
Several reptiles and amphibians thrive in glass aquariums or terrariums, although clear enclosures are not recommended for tortoises. Secure, outdoor habitats work well for some turtles and tortoises. Design your enclosure for the adult size of the animal as well as its habits and behaviors.
Reptile & Amphibian Health
A well-designed habitat matching the environmental needs of your pet is key to your pet’s health.
Equally important are:
- Nutrition matching the diet of your reptile or amphibian in their natural habitats.
- Dietary supplements
- Fresh water, in the correct container.
- Regular hygiene of food and water bowls
Protect the Environment
Many popular pet reptiles and amphibians are from tropical or subtropical regions and will not survive cold winters. However, others are native to more temperate climates similar to portions of the U.S. In some cases, escaped or released pets have survived to establish reproducing populations, and some have become invasive. Herps will often try to explore outside their enclosures. A secure, well-fitting lid with a lock or clip is a must, particularly for snakes that need only a tiny opening to escape. Outdoor enclosures for turtles and tortoises should be set up to prevent burrowing or climbing; also consider measures to deter predators such as raccoons, foxes and birds of prey. The Federal government and the States have identified invasive species that are regulated to prevent harm to the environment, to agriculture or to human health. Check with your state fish and wildlife agency or natural resources agency to find out more about regulated species in your area.
Introduced Species in the USA
The United States Geological Survey has a database and maps of non-native aquatic species, including amphibians and aquatic reptiles, that have been found in the United States; for more information on species that have been found in your state, click on the map.
